He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He subsequently proceeded to abolish the sultanate in 1922 and proclaimed the foundation of the Turkish Republic in its place the following year.Īs the president of the newly formed Turkish Republic, Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive and secular nation-state. Establishing a provisional government in the present-day Turkish capital Ankara (known in English at the time as Angora), he defeated the forces sent by the Allies, thus emerging victorious from what was later referred to as the Turkish War of Independence. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, he led the Turkish National Movement, which resisted mainland Turkey's partition among the victorious Allied powers. During this time, the Ottoman Empire perpetrated genocides against its Greek, Armenian and Assyrian subjects while not directly involved, Atatürk's role in their aftermath has been controversial. Ītatürk came to prominence for his role in securing the Ottoman Turkish victory at the Battle of Gallipoli (1915) during World War I. Due to his military and political accomplishments, Atatürk is regarded as one of the most important political leaders of the 20th century. Ideologically a secularist and nationalist, his policies and socio-political theories became known as Kemalism. He undertook sweeping progressive reforms, which modernized Turkey into a secular, industrializing nation. 1881 – 10 November 1938), was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first president from 1923 until his death in 1938. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, or Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1921, and Ghazi Mustafa Kemal from 1921 until 1934 ( c. Universal League for the Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes.

Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance.Progressive Democratic Party of the North.Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente.Liberal Democratic Party of Afghanistan.International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties.

Free Democratic Party/Radical Democratic Party.

Democratic Union-Agricultural and Labour Party.

Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party.

Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe.

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